What is an inference?

An inference refers to a conclusion that is drawn through reasoning based on available evidence and background knowledge. It goes beyond the information that is explicitly stated, allowing individuals to make logical connections and understand underlying meanings or implications. Inference requires critical thinking skills, enabling a person to combine what they know with what is presented to determine a likely conclusion.

For example, if a character in a story is seen shivering and putting on a coat, the reader may infer that the character is cold, even if this is not directly stated in the text. This ability to read between the lines and derive further meaning exemplifies the essence of making an inference.

The other options represent different concepts. A direct statement backed by evidence refers to explicit information, a type of literal interpretation suggests a straightforward understanding of text without nuances, and an explicit statement without ambiguity means that the message is clear and directly stated. None of these capture the essence of drawing conclusions based on reasoning, which is the core of making inferences.